Fasting and ketogenic regimens in oncology: findings from a systematic review
A recent systematic review examined guideline‑based nutrition alongside experimental metabolic diets—including fasting‑related protocols and ketogenic diets—in cancer patients. The authors found that while some trials report improvements in metabolic, hematologic, quality‑of‑life, or pathological markers, no reproducible survival advantage has been demonstrated. The review emphasizes that these regimens remain experimental adjuncts rather than curative therapies.
Study and findings
The review integrated international and national oncology nutrition guidelines with clinical evidence on several metabolic interventions: fasting, fasting‑mimicking diets, time‑restricted eating, intermittent fasting, Ramadan fasting, and ketogenic diets. Priority was given to randomized and prospective trials, systematic reviews, and selected mechanistic studies. Across the included studies, fasting‑related regimens and ketogenic diets were associated with favorable changes in metabolic parameters, hematologic indices, patient‑reported quality of life, and, in some cases, pathological response. However, the authors note that none of the trials provided consistent evidence of a survival benefit.
Clinical interpretation
Guidelines continue to recommend early nutritional screening and stepwise support, discouraging restrictive diets unless they are part of an evidence‑based protocol. The observed metabolic and quality‑of‑life improvements suggest that, for carefully selected patients, fasting‑related or ketogenic interventions may serve as adjuncts to standard care, potentially mitigating treatment‑related toxicity or cachexia. Nevertheless, because survival outcomes remain unproven, these approaches should be framed within a biomarker‑driven, cachexia‑aware context rather than as standalone therapies.
Limitations and open questions
The evidence base is limited by heterogeneity in diet protocols, patient populations, and outcome measures, making direct comparisons difficult. Many studies are small, lack long‑term follow‑up, or focus on surrogate endpoints rather than overall survival. Consequently, the review cannot determine which subgroups might derive the greatest benefit, nor can it establish optimal timing, duration, or composition of the metabolic interventions. Future randomized trials with standardized protocols and robust survival endpoints are needed to clarify the therapeutic role of these diets.
Source
Source: Abbasi N. Metabolic Diets and Fasting in Oncology: Integrating Guideline-Based Nutrition, Nutrition Assessments and Biomarker-Driven Clinical Pathology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2026;2026:105669. PMID 42926076.