Eight‑week energy‑restricted ketogenic diet and systemic redox biomarkers in women with overweight and obesity
In a randomized trial of 80 women with overweight or class I obesity, an eight‑week energy‑restricted Mediterranean‑style ketogenic diet was compared with an isocaloric standard diet. Both groups showed improvements in antioxidant capacity and a reduction in a composite oxidative‑stress index, but no statistically robust differences between diets were observed after correction for multiple testing.
Study and findings
Eighty participants were allocated to either a Mediterranean‑style ketogenic diet (KETO) or a standard energy‑restricted diet (STD), each providing the same caloric deficit. Biomarkers of oxidative stress (including 8‑OHdG), antioxidant defence, and metabolic stress (FGF21, GDF15) were measured at baseline, week 4 and week 8. Sixty‑six women completed the protocol (32 KETO, 34 STD). Both arms exhibited a rise in antioxidant capacity and a concurrent increase in 8‑OHdG, leading to a net decline in the composite oxidative‑stress index (OSI). Between‑group comparisons did not survive adjustment for multiple comparisons at any time point; nominal differences at week 4 (e.g., ACW, PCL, total protein) were not statistically confirmed. Within‑group trajectories of FGF21 and GDF15 diverged, yet the randomized contrasts between diets remained non‑significant. Principal component analysis failed to identify a distinct ketogenic redox phenotype.
Clinical interpretation
The data indicate that the observed enhancements in systemic antioxidant capacity are linked to the overall energy restriction and associated weight loss rather than to ketosis per se. The lack of a diet‑specific effect on the composite OSI suggests that, in women with overweight or class I obesity, the metabolic benefits of a ketogenic macronutrient pattern do not exceed those achieved by a conventional calorie‑restricted diet. Consequently, prescribing a ketogenic regimen solely for the purpose of improving redox homeostasis may not be justified when comparable energy restriction can be attained with a standard diet.
Limitations and open questions
The trial enrolled only women with modest obesity, limiting generalizability to men or individuals with more severe adiposity. The sample size, after attrition, reduced statistical power to detect modest between‑group differences, especially after correction for multiple testing. Biomarker assessment was limited to circulating measures; tissue‑specific redox changes remain unexamined. Future studies should explore longer intervention periods, higher degrees of ketosis, and stratification by baseline oxidative status to clarify whether any subpopulation might derive a ketogenic‑specific redox advantage.
Source
The findings are drawn from the randomized KETO‑MINOX trial (PMID 42887446).