Case report of a glioblastoma patient with MDM2 and EGFR amplifications treated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor trial, ketogenic diet and metformin
A 55‑year‑old man with high‑grade glioblastoma harboring MDM2 and EGFR amplifications achieved remission after multimodal therapy that included surgery, radiotherapy, temozolomide, a phase‑II PI3K/mTOR inhibitor trial, a ketogenic diet and metformin. The WIN International Molecular Tumor Board discussed further options such as EGFR or MDM2 inhibitors, combination immunotherapy, and a personalized neoantigen vaccine for potential relapse.
Study and findings
The report describes a single patient with glioblastoma (GBM) who presented with MDM2 amplification, EGFR amplification and a CDKN2A frameshift mutation identified by next‑generation sequencing. Standard treatment—maximal safe resection, focal radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy—was followed by enrollment in a phase‑II trial of a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. Concurrently, the patient adhered to a ketogenic diet and received metformin. Under this regimen the patient entered remission. The Molecular Tumor Board evaluated potential relapse strategies, highlighting EGFR inhibitors, MDM2 inhibitors, combined EGFR/MDM2 blockade with immunotherapy, and a personalized neoantigen vaccine.
Clinical interpretation
The case illustrates that intensive multimodal management, including metabolic modulation with a ketogenic diet and metformin, can be integrated with targeted therapy in GBM harboring MDM2 and EGFR amplifications. While remission was achieved, the report does not provide comparative data to determine the specific contribution of the ketogenic diet or metformin. The discussion of relapse options reflects current expert thinking about targeting the amplified pathways and the possible risk of hyper‑progression with checkpoint inhibitors in this molecular context.
Limitations and open questions
As a single‑patient observation, the findings cannot be generalized to the broader GBM population. No control or comparator arm is available, and the relative impact of each component (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, PI3K/mTOR inhibition, ketogenic diet, metformin) remains undefined. Prospective studies are needed to clarify whether metabolic interventions add measurable benefit to targeted agents in MDM2‑ or EGFR‑amplified GBM, and to assess safety of combined EGFR/MDM2 inhibition with immunotherapy.
Source
El‑Deiry WS et al. Case Report WIN‑MTB‑2024001. Oncotarget. 2026 Oct 16; PMID 42885740.