Exogenous Ketones and Modified Atkins Diet in an 11‑Year‑Old with Glycogen Storage Disease VII: A Single‑Patient Intervention Report
Research Analysis
An 11‑year‑old girl with classical glycogen storage disease type VII underwent three 8‑week dietary interventions—usual diet, pre‑exercise exogenous ketone salts, and a modified Atkins diet (MAD). Both ketone supplementation and MAD reduced heart‑rate response to a given workload and improved physical‑domain quality‑of‑life scores; MAD also normalized creatine‑kinase and halved daily symptom counts but was associated with unintended weight loss and lower emotional‑domain scores.
Study and findings
The authors conducted a prospective, family‑co‑designed protocol approved by the Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network. The patient completed four sequential 8‑week phases: (1) usual diet, (2) 150 mg/kg exogenous ketone salts taken 20 minutes before structured exercise, (3) a modified Atkins diet targeting ~10 g carbohydrate and 8–9 fat exchanges per day, and (4) MAD combined with the same ketone regimen. Outcome measures included sub‑maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with heart‑rate (HR) monitoring, creatine‑kinase (CK) levels, anthropometry, and the PedsQL quality‑of‑life questionnaire.
During the ketone phase, HR at a given treadmill speed was lower than during the usual‑diet phase, indicating improved exercise efficiency, and the patient was able to sustain higher‑intensity activity for a longer period. The MAD phase produced a 29 % increase in the physical‑domain QoL score, normalized CK values, and reduced the number of reported symptoms per active day by 50 %. However, the patient experienced unintended weight loss and a 20 % decline in the emotional‑domain QoL score, leading her to decline the combined MAD + ketone phase.
Clinical interpretation
In this single case, pre‑exercise exogenous ketone salts appeared to attenuate the exaggerated HR response that characterises exercise in GSD VII, suggesting that circulating β‑hydroxybutyrate can provide an alternative fuel substrate when glycolysis is impaired. The modified Atkins diet, by restricting carbohydrate intake, likely reduced the post‑prandial inhibition of muscle oxidative metabolism that underlies the “out‑of‑wind” phenomenon, thereby improving muscle symptomatology and physical‑function QoL. Normalization of CK supports a reduction in muscle membrane damage. The concurrent weight loss and reduced emotional‑domain QoL highlight that strict carbohydrate restriction may affect growth and psychosocial well‑being in a pediatric patient, underscoring the need for careful monitoring and individualized dietary counseling.
Limitations and open questions
The report describes a single patient, so the observed effects cannot be generalized to the broader GSD VII population. No washout periods were reported between phases, raising the possibility of carry‑over effects. Objective metabolic markers (e.g., blood β‑hydroxybutyrate concentrations) during the interventions were not presented, limiting confirmation of ketosis. The emotional‑domain QoL decline may reflect dietary restriction rather than a direct effect of the diet itself; further studies should disentangle these factors. Future research should employ controlled crossover designs with larger cohorts, include standardized ketosis monitoring, and assess long‑term growth and psychosocial outcomes.
Source
Batten K et al. Utility of Exogenous Ketones and Modified Atkins Diet in a Child With GSD VII (Tarui Disease). JIMD Reports. 2026; PMID 42781531.