A single‑case report describes the initiation of a low‑ratio (1.25:1) enteral ketogenic diet via post‑pyloric feeding and later jejunal tube in an infant with Miller‑Dieker syndrome, severe feeding intolerance, and refractory seizures. Seizure freedom was maintained until death from an unrelated surgical complication, and nutritional status improved.
Study and findings
The authors report a male infant with genetically confirmed Miller‑Dieker syndrome who experienced early‑onset, drug‑resistant epilepsy despite maximal doses of valproate, levetiracetam and vigabatrin. Feeding was limited by oropharyngeal dysphagia, gastro‑esophageal reflux and recurrent aspiration pneumonia, leading to exclusive enteral nutrition. After multidisciplinary discussion, a commercially available ketogenic formula was introduced via post‑pyloric tube and later through a percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy. The formula was set to a ketogenic ratio of 1.25:1 (fat : protein + carbohydrate). Biochemical monitoring confirmed ketosis without metabolic adverse events. Following diet initiation, seizure frequency dropped to zero and remained absent until the child died at two years of age from an intestinal volvulus unrelated to the neurological condition. Weight and length measurements showed progressive gain, moving the child from below the 3rd percentile toward the 10th percentile for weight.
Clinical interpretation
This observation suggests that a low‑ratio enteral ketogenic diet can be tolerated in infants with severe neurodevelopmental impairment who require jejunal feeding, and that it may achieve seizure control comparable to that reported with classic ketogenic protocols in other epileptic encephalopathies. The improvement in growth parameters indicates that the diet also provided adequate caloric and protein support, addressing the profound feeding difficulties typical of Miller‑Dieker syndrome. Because the diet was administered with palliative intent, the primary clinical goal was reduction of seizure burden and stabilization of nutritional status rather than long‑term disease modification.
Limitations and open questions
The report is limited to a single patient without a control period, precluding any inference of causality between the ketogenic diet and seizure freedom. The low ketogenic ratio differs from the traditional 3:1 or 4:1 ratios, so the minimal effective ratio for this population remains undefined. Long‑term safety, especially regarding lipid metabolism and growth, cannot be assessed from this case. Future prospective studies or registries of children with Miller‑Dieker syndrome receiving enteral ketogenic therapy are needed to determine optimal macronutrient targets, durability of seizure control, and impact on quality of life.
Source
Michela P, Matteo P, Pasqua P, Paola R, Silvana G, Monica F. Managing Drug-Resistant Epilepsy and Severe Feeding Difficulties in Miller-Dieker Syndrome: The Role of Enteral Ketogenic Diet. Case Rep Pediatr. 2026;2026:8660691. doi: 10.1155/crpe/8660691. PMID: 42763564.