Two children with refractory epilepsy and ileostomies were managed on ketogenic diet therapy (KDT). Careful fluid, electrolyte, and bicarbonate monitoring allowed maintenance of hydration, normal laboratory values, and seizure control, suggesting that KDT can be applied in this population with individualized supervision.
Study and findings
The authors report a case series of two pediatric patients with medication‑resistant epilepsy who also had ileostomies. In the first child, the ileostomy was created while the patient was already on a classical ketogenic diet (high‑fat, low‑carbohydrate, adequate protein). Initial management included increased fluid and electrolyte provision; serum sodium remained within normal limits throughout. The second child had an existing ileostomy before initiating the ketogenic diet. This patient experienced early hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis, which were corrected with targeted sodium and bicarbonate supplementation and regular laboratory surveillance. In both cases, total fluid requirements did not differ from typical ketogenic diet protocols, and seizure frequency remained unchanged.
Clinical interpretation
These observations indicate that, despite the altered intestinal absorption associated with an ileostomy, ketogenic diet therapy can be sustained without compromising seizure control, provided that clinicians anticipate and address potential electrolyte disturbances. Sodium balance appears particularly vulnerable, as evidenced by the hyponatremia in the second patient, but can be stabilized through proactive supplementation. The lack of increased fluid needs suggests that the ostomy output did not necessitate major adjustments to the standard ketogenic diet fluid prescription in these children.
Limitations and open questions
The report is limited to two individual cases, precluding any inference about the broader population of patients with ileostomies. Neither long‑term outcomes nor systematic comparison with non‑ostomized controls are available. It remains uncertain how variations in ostomy output volume, underlying gastrointestinal pathology, or age might influence electrolyte requirements or the risk of acidosis. Prospective studies with larger cohorts and standardized monitoring protocols would be needed to define optimal fluid‑electrolyte management strategies for ketogenic diet therapy in this setting.
Source
Baker BJ, Olbina AE, Godfrey MA, Graber AE, Parrish TN, Delima SIR. Management of ketogenic diet therapy in patients with ileostomy: A report of 2 cases. Nutr Clin Pract. 2026. doi: 10.1002/ncp.70164. PMID: 42642996.